In the late nineteenth century, the town grew based on the development of coal mines and the steel industry. Residents helped slaves escaping from the South to freedom. Uniontown's role in the Underground Railroad in the antebellum years is commemorated by a marker on the corner of East Main Street and Baker Alley. The National Road, also known as the Cumberland Road, was routed through Uniontown in the early 19th century, and the town grew along with the road (now US 40). The town was incorporated as a borough in 1796 under the name Uniontown and separated from Union Township, which was split in 1851 into North Union and South Union Townships. In 1783, Fayette County was erected and divided into townships, of which Union Township contained the namesake town.
In early years, the town was sometimes unofficially called "Beesonstown", though not by Beeson. On July 4 (coincidentally, the same date the United States Declaration of Independence was adopted), Beeson published a plat of quarter-acre plots near his mill to be allocated by lottery on 20 July to purchasers prepared to build houses on them.
Uniontown was founded in 1776 as "the Town of Union" by Henry Beeson, a Quaker born in Virginia in 1743 who had settled in the area in 1768, buying tracts of land and running a sawmill. It is part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area.ġ0 miles (16 km) southeast of Uniontown is Fort Necessity, built by George Washington during the French and Indian War (part of the international Seven Years' War) as well as the site of the Battle of Jumonville Glen, where the North American branch of the war began. The population was 9,984 at the 2020 census. Uniontown is the largest city in and county seat of Fayette County, Pennsylvania, United States, 46 miles (74 km) southeast of Pittsburgh.
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